Aluminum - Polymer Capacitors

Results: 9 415
Manufacturer
AillenAishi Capacitors (Hunan Aihua GroupChemi-ConChinsan (Elite)Cornell Dubilier KnowlesElna AmericaEPCOS - TDK ElectronicsKEMETKYOCERA AVXMurata ElectronicsNichiconPanasonic Electronic Components
Series
-*180 CPS181 CPL182 CPHZ183 CPHT184 CPNS185 CPNZ186 CPNT94SVP94SVPDA1
Packaging
BagBoxBulkCaseCut Tape (CT)Digi-Reel®Tape & Box (TB)Tape & Reel (TR)Tray
Product Status
ActiveDiscontinued at Digi-KeyLast Time BuyNot For New DesignsObsolete
Type
HybridPolymer
Capacitance
2.2 µF3.3 µF3.9 µF4.7 µF5.6 µF6.8 µF8.2 µF10 µF12 µF15 µF18 µF22 µF
Tolerance
-35%, +10%-10%, +20%-10%, +30%±10%±20%-
Voltage - Rated
2 V2.5 V4 V6 V6.3 V6.8 V7.5 V8 V10 V12 V12.5 V16 V
ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance)
2mOhm3mOhm3.5mOhm3.9mOhm4mOhm4.2mOhm4.4mOhm4.5mOhm4.6mOhm5mOhm5.1mOhm5.2mOhm
Lifetime @ Temp.
1000 Hrs @ 105°C1000 Hrs @ 125°C1000 Hrs @ 150°C1500 Hrs @ 125°C2000 Hrs @ 105°C2000 Hrs @ 125°C2000 Hrs @ 135°C2000 Hrs @ 145°C2000 Hrs @ 150°C2000 Hrs @ 85°C3000 Hrs @ 105°C3000 Hrs @ 125°C
Operating Temperature
-55°C ~ 105°C-55°C ~ 125°C-55°C ~ 135°C-55°C ~ 145°C-55°C ~ 150°C-55°C ~ 85°C-40°C ~ 105°C-40°C ~ 125°C-40°C ~ 145°C-40°C ~ 150°C-
Ratings
-AEC-Q200
Applications
-AutomotiveAutomotive, Bypass, DecouplingBypass, DecouplingDecouplingGeneral Purpose
Features
-Anti-VibrationHigh Vibration
Ripple Current @ Low Frequency
10.5 mA @ 120 Hz17 mA @ 120 Hz19 mA @ 120 Hz20 mA @ 120 Hz21 mA @ 120 Hz22.5 mA @ 120 Hz22.9 mA @ 120 Hz22.95 mA @ 120 Hz23.7 mA @ 120 Hz25 mA @ 120 Hz25.5 mA @ 120 Hz26 mA @ 120 Hz
Ripple Current @ High Frequency
1.4 mA @ 100 kHz1.6 mA @ 100 kHz210 mA @ 100 kHz340 mA @ 100 kHz380 mA @ 100 kHz400 mA @ 100 kHz450 mA @ 100 kHz458 mA @ 100 kHz459 mA @ 100 kHz474 mA @ 100 kHz500 mA @ 100 kHz510 mA @ 100 kHz
Impedance
4.4 mOhms5 mOhms5.1 mOhms5.7 mOhms5.9 mOhms6.5 mOhms9 mOhms10 mOhms12 mOhms13 mOhms14 mOhms15 mOhms
Lead Spacing
0.059" (1.50mm)0.079" (2.00mm)0.098" (2.50mm)0.138" (3.50mm)0.197" (5.00mm)0.295" (7.50mm)0.394" (10.00mm)0.600" (15.24mm)-
Size / Dimension
0.157" Dia (4.00mm)0.197" Dia (5.00mm)0.213" Dia (5.40mm)0.216" Dia (5.50mm)0.236" Dia (6.00mm)0.248" Dia (6.30mm)0.276" Dia x 0.276" W (7.00mm x 7.00mm)0.287" L x 0.169" W (7.30mm x 4.30mm)0.311" L x 0.209" W (7.90mm x 5.30mm)0.315" Dia (8.00mm)0.394" Dia (10.00mm)0.492" Dia (12.50mm)
Height - Seated (Max)
0.039" (1.00mm)0.043" (1.10mm)0.047" (1.20mm)0.055" (1.40mm)0.059" (1.50mm)0.071" (1.80mm)0.075" (1.90mm)0.079" (2.00mm)0.083" (2.10mm)0.091" (2.30mm)0.098" (2.50mm)0.106" (2.70mm)
Surface Mount Land Size
0.169" L x 0.169" W (4.30mm x 4.30mm)0.197" L x 0.197" W (5.00mm x 5.00mm)0.209" L x 0.209" W (5.30mm x 5.30mm)0.244" L x 0.248" W (6.20mm x 6.30mm)0.248" L x 0.248" W (6.30mm x 6.30mm)0.256" L x 0.256" W (6.50mm x 6.50mm)0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)0.286" L x 0.276" W (7.20mm x 7.00mm)0.287" L x 0.169" W (7.30mm x 4.30mm)0.311" L x 0.209" W (7.90mm x 5.30mm)0.315" L x 0.315" W (8.00mm x 8.00mm)0.327" L x 0.327" W (8.30mm x 8.30mm)
Mounting Type
Chassis MountSurface MountThrough Hole
Package / Case
2917 (7343 Metric)Axial, CanFlatPack, TabbedNonstandard SMDRadial, CanRadial, Can - SMD
Stocking Options
Environmental Options
Media
Marketplace Product
9 415Results

Showing
of 9 415
Mfr Part #
Quantity Available
Price
Series
Package
Product Status
Type
Capacitance
Tolerance
Voltage - Rated
ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance)
Lifetime @ Temp.
Operating Temperature
Ratings
Applications
Features
Ripple Current @ Low Frequency
Ripple Current @ High Frequency
Impedance
Lead Spacing
Size / Dimension
Height - Seated (Max)
Surface Mount Land Size
Mounting Type
Package / Case
NPCAPâ„¢-PXF
APXF6R3ARA151ME40G
CAP ALUM POLY 150UF 20% 6.3V SMD
Chemi-Con
25 119
In Stock
1 : € 0,50000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,14696
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
150 µF
±20%
6.3 V
20mOhm
3000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
-
2.7 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.197" Dia (5.00mm)
0.165" (4.20mm)
0.209" L x 0.209" W (5.30mm x 5.30mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
NPCAP PXG Series
APXG160ARA181MF61G
CAP ALUM POLY 180UF 20% 16V SMD
Chemi-Con
14 523
In Stock
1 : € 0,61000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,17758
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
180 µF
±20%
16 V
22mOhm
15000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
-
3.3 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.240" (6.10mm)
0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
WCAP-PSLP
875105244013
CAP ALUM POLY 220UF 20% 10V SMD
Würth Elektronik
10 655
In Stock
1 : € 0,62000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,34505
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
220 µF
±20%
10 V
30mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
98.5 mA @ 120 Hz
1.97 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.228" (5.80mm)
0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
OS-CON, SVPF 6.30mm
25SVPF56M
CAP ALUM POLY 56UF 20% 25V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
11 661
In Stock
1 : € 0,65000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,38874
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
56 µF
±20%
25 V
30mOhm
5000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
140 mA @ 120 Hz
2.8 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
NPCAP PXG Series
APXG160ARA331MH70G
CAP ALUM POLY 330UF 20% 16V SMD
Chemi-Con
12 691
In Stock
1 : € 0,70000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,23341
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
330 µF
±20%
16 V
22mOhm
15000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
-
3.3 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.315" Dia (8.00mm)
0.276" (7.00mm)
0.327" L x 0.327" W (8.30mm x 8.30mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
A765 Series
A765EB107M1CLAE025
CAP ALUM POLY 100UF 20% 16V SMD
KEMET
7 645
In Stock
1 : € 0,76000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,22608
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
100 µF
±20%
16 V
25mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
125 mA @ 120 Hz
2.5 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
Radial, Can - SMD
HHXC630ARA330MHA0G
CAP ALUM HYBRID 33UF 20% 63V SMD
Chemi-Con
16 390
In Stock
1 : € 0,78000
Cut Tape (CT)
500 : € 0,32744
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Hybrid
33 µF
±20%
63 V
40mOhm
4000 Hrs @ 125°C
-55°C ~ 125°C
AEC-Q200
Automotive
-
-
1.1 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.315" Dia (8.00mm)
0.413" (10.50mm)
0.327" L x 0.327" W (8.30mm x 8.30mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
10SEPC270MD
16SEPC100M+TSS
CAP ALUM POLY 100UF 20% 16V TH
Panasonic Electronic Components
43 614
In Stock
1 : € 0,86000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 500 : € 0,29779
Tape & Box (TB)
Cut Tape (CT)
Tape & Box (TB)
Active
Polymer
100 µF
±20%
16 V
24mOhm
5000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
124.5 mA @ 120 Hz
2.49 A @ 100 kHz
-
0.098" (2.50mm)
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
-
Through Hole
Radial, Can
SL6 SERIES
RSL0J221MCN1GB
CAP ALUM POLY 220UF 20% 6.3V SMD
Nichicon
5 203
In Stock
1 : € 0,86000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,34202
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
220 µF
±20%
6.3 V
18mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
320 mA @ 120 Hz
3.2 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.165" (4.20mm)
0.256" L x 0.256" W (6.50mm x 6.50mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
OS-CON, SVPC, SVPD Series
16SVPC100M
CAP ALUM POLY 100UF 20% 16V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
2 516
In Stock
1 : € 0,86000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,31652
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
100 µF
±20%
16 V
24mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
124.5 mA @ 120 Hz
2.49 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
OS-CON, SVPE,Sp-Cap Ue
6SVPE220MW
CAP ALUM POLY 220UF 20% 6.3V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
14 222
In Stock
1 : € 0,87000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 500 : € 0,29066
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
220 µF
±20%
6.3 V
15mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
157.5 mA @ 120 Hz
3.15 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.197" Dia (5.00mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.209" L x 0.209" W (5.30mm x 5.30mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
OS-CON, SVPC, SVPD Series
6SVPC330M
CAP ALUM POLY 330UF 20% 6.3V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
5 190
In Stock
1 : € 0,89000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,34772
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
330 µF
±20%
6.3 V
17mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
169.5 mA @ 120 Hz
3.39 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
FPCAP, SA SERIES
RSA0J331MCN1GS
CAP ALUM POLY 330UF 20% 6.3V SMD
Nichicon
19 060
In Stock
1 : € 0,92000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,28552
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
330 µF
±20%
6.3 V
14mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
316 mA @ 120 Hz
3.16 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.256" L x 0.256" W (6.50mm x 6.50mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
OS-CON, SVP 5mm
6SVP47M
CAP ALUM POLY 47UF 20% 6.3V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
4 404
In Stock
1 : € 0,92000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 500 : € 0,33703
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
47 µF
±20%
6.3 V
70mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
55 mA @ 120 Hz
1.1 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.197" Dia (5.00mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.209" L x 0.209" W (5.30mm x 5.30mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
OS-CON, SVPF 6.30mm
25SVPF47M
CAP ALUM POLY 47UF 20% 25V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
15 852
In Stock
1 : € 0,93000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,38517
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
47 µF
±20%
25 V
30mOhm
5000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
140 mA @ 120 Hz
2.8 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
EEH-ZC (Dia. 6.3mm, Height 6.1mm)
EEH-ZC1V470P
CAP ALUM HYBRID 47UF 20% 35V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
10 723
In Stock
1 : € 0,93000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,28718
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Hybrid
47 µF
±20%
35 V
60mOhm
4000 Hrs @ 125°C
-55°C ~ 125°C
AEC-Q200
Automotive
-
135 mA @ 100 Hz
900 mA @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.240" (6.10mm)
0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
OS-CON, SVPF 5mm
25SVPF27MX
CAP ALUM POLY 27UF 20% 25V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
2 449
In Stock
1 : € 0,94000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 500 : € 0,28621
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
27 µF
±20%
25 V
40mOhm
5000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
122.5 mA @ 120 Hz
2.45 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.197" Dia (5.00mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.209" L x 0.209" W (5.30mm x 5.30mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
OS-CON, SVP 6.30mm
20SVP22M
CAP ALUM POLY 22UF 20% 20V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
3 381
In Stock
1 : € 0,95000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,36021
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
22 µF
±20%
20 V
60mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
72.5 mA @ 120 Hz
1.45 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
CX SERIES 7.3L,4.3W
EEF-CX0G331R
CAP ALUM POLY 330UF 20% 4V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
39 253
In Stock
1 : € 0,95000
Cut Tape (CT)
3 500 : € 0,43599
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
330 µF
±20%
4 V
15mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
-
5.1 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.287" L x 0.169" W (7.30mm x 4.30mm)
0.075" (1.90mm)
0.287" L x 0.169" W (7.30mm x 4.30mm)
Surface Mount
2917 (7343 Metric)
Radial, Can - SMD
HHXC630ARA820MJA0G
CAP ALUM HYBRID 82UF 20% 63V SMD
Chemi-Con
8 813
In Stock
1 : € 0,95000
Cut Tape (CT)
500 : € 0,42712
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Hybrid
82 µF
±20%
63 V
30mOhm
4000 Hrs @ 125°C
-55°C ~ 125°C
AEC-Q200
Automotive
-
-
1.4 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.394" Dia (10.00mm)
0.413" (10.50mm)
0.406" L x 0.406" W (10.30mm x 10.30mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
10SEPC270MD
16SEPC270MX
CAP ALUM POLY 270UF 20% 16V TH
Panasonic Electronic Components
3 141
In Stock
1 : € 0,96000
Bulk
Bulk
Active
Polymer
270 µF
±20%
16 V
10mOhm
5000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
250 mA @ 120 Hz
5 A @ 100 kHz
-
0.138" (3.50mm)
0.315" Dia (8.00mm)
0.354" (9.00mm)
-
Through Hole
Radial, Can
A768EB107M1ELAE036
A768KS566M1JLAE031
CAP ALUM POLY 56UF 20% 63V SMD
KEMET
275
In Stock
1 : € 0,98000
Cut Tape (CT)
400 : € 0,34285
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
56 µF
±20%
63 V
31mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 125°C
-55°C ~ 125°C
-
General Purpose
-
90 mA @ 120 Hz
1.8 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.315" Dia (8.00mm)
0.492" (12.50mm)
0.327" L x 0.327" W (8.30mm x 8.30mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
Radial, Can - SMD
HHXC500ARA470MHA0G
CAP ALUM HYBRID 47UF 20% 50V SMD
Chemi-Con
5 442
In Stock
1 : € 0,99000
Cut Tape (CT)
500 : € 0,33596
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Hybrid
47 µF
±20%
50 V
30mOhm
4000 Hrs @ 125°C
-55°C ~ 125°C
AEC-Q200
Automotive
-
-
1.25 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.315" Dia (8.00mm)
0.413" (10.50mm)
0.327" L x 0.327" W (8.30mm x 8.30mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
RL8
RL81C221MDN1KX
CAP ALUM POLY 220UF 20% 16V TH
Nichicon
14 239
In Stock
1 : € 1,03000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,32587
Tape & Box (TB)
Cut Tape (CT)
Tape & Box (TB)
Active
Polymer
220 µF
±20%
16 V
12mOhm
2000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
500 mA @ 120 Hz
5 A @ 100 kHz
-
0.138" (3.50mm)
0.315" Dia (8.00mm)
0.315" (8.00mm)
-
Through Hole
Radial, Can
OS-CON, SVPF 6.30mm
16SVPF180M
CAP ALUM POLY 180UF 20% 16V SMD
Panasonic Electronic Components
12 904
In Stock
1 : € 1,04000
Cut Tape (CT)
1 000 : € 0,38874
Tape & Reel (TR)
Tape & Reel (TR)
Cut Tape (CT)
Digi-Reel®
Active
Polymer
180 µF
±20%
16 V
22mOhm
5000 Hrs @ 105°C
-55°C ~ 105°C
-
General Purpose
-
165 mA @ 120 Hz
3.3 A @ 100 kHz
-
-
0.248" Dia (6.30mm)
0.236" (6.00mm)
0.260" L x 0.260" W (6.60mm x 6.60mm)
Surface Mount
Radial, Can - SMD
Showing
of 9 415

Aluminum - Polymer Capacitors


Aluminum polymer capacitors, like their standard electrolytic counterparts, are a polarized capacitor type based on an aluminum electrode material with an aluminum oxide dielectric, but distinguished from them by their use of a conductive polymer material instead of traditional fluid electrolytes. Relative to standard aluminum electrolytic capacitors, polymer types tend to exhibit improved electrical performance in exchange for higher cost and greater sensitivity to the operating environment.